The absorption of the shock wave at ionospheric dynamo region altitudes (100вЂ“150 km) could generate secondary atmospheric gravity waves with the 0.1вЂ“1 relative amplitude. The electromagnetic effect of infrasound has been determined to be significant (1вЂ“10 V/m and 1вЂ“10 nT). The flow of the electric current in the wake of the meteoroid could result in the generation of an electromagnetic pulse in the 40вЂ“80 kHz band with the electric field intensity of 1вЂ“10 V/m. The electrostatic effect could be accompanied by the accumulation of an electric charge of 1 mC producing the electric field intensity of 0.01вЂ“1 MV/m.

Under the action of an external electric field, a transient current pulse with the strength of current up to 10вЃґ A could occur. The magnetic effect of the ionospheric currents and the current in the wake of the meteoroid could be substantial (~1 nT). The magnetic effect of turbulence has been shown to be insignificant.

Magnetic, electric, electromagnetic, ionospheric, and seismic effects, as well as the effects of acoustic-gravity waves have been estimated. This work discusses the assumption that during the Tunguska catastrophe there was a powerful upward atmospheric discharge, which was a consequence of the formation of numerous relativistic runaway electron avalanches.Д¬omprehensive modeling studies of the processes induced in all geospheres by the passage and explosion of the meteoroid near the city of Lipetsk (Russia) on June 21, 2018, have been conducted. According to estimates, the energy of this radiation exceeded 5в™±0ВІВІ erg. The model of the radiation source is most consistent with the level of thermal impact on the environment if this source was located at an altitude of 30 km above the ground. The thermal effect of radiation from this column was great: at a distance of в€ј30 km from the epicenter, live needles caught fire, and at a distance of 65 km, the effect was close to a burn of human skin. The duration of the existence of this column of light was estimated at 6вЂ“7 s. This pillar was visible on a sunny morning from a distance of в€ј500 km and reached a height of в€ј80 km above the ground. According to eyewitnesses, after the disappearance of the flying object over the horizon, a column of light rose above the place of its fall. This work deals with the issue of the light emission that took place during the Tunguska catastrophe of 1908.

Tungus meteorite